Penuaan Penduduk dan Tantangan Ekonomi Keluarga di Indonesia

Studi Literatur tentang Ketergantungan Lansia dan Perubahan Struktur Usia

Abstract

Population ageing is a demographic phenomenon characterized by an increasing proportion of older adults and changes in the age structure of the population. This condition has socioeconomic implications for families, particularly in relation to the economic independence of older adults and intergenerational support. This study aims to analyze the development of population ageing in Indonesia and synthesize its implications for intergenerational economic support and household economic resilience. The study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review and descriptive-analytical methods. Data were obtained from publications by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik) and relevant scientific articles, which were analyzed through thematic categorization and narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that the increasing proportion of older adults and the elderly dependency ratio are important indicators of demographic change. However, an increase in the older population does not automatically lead to a greater economic burden on families. The economic implications are associated with older adults’ income, labor force participation, financial independence, intergenerational support, and families’ capacity to meet the needs of different age groups. Support in the form of financial transfers, goods, services, and caregiving can help meet older adults’ needs but may increase economic pressure when family resources are limited. Therefore, strengthening social protection, expanding decent employment opportunities for older adults, and improving household financial planning are necessary to support the well-being of older adults while maintaining household economic resilience.