Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Kontemporer: Studi Literatur Komparatif Antara Mazhab Iqtishaduna, Mainstream, dan Alternatif Kritis

Abstract

The development of contemporary Islamic economics demonstrates a diversity of intellectual approaches reflected in various schools of thought, each characterized by distinct paradigms and orientations. This study aims to conceptually analyze and compare contemporary Islamic economic thought through three major schools, namely the Iqtishaduna School, the Mainstream School, and the Critical Alternative School. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, with data sources consisting of relevant books and scholarly articles accessible in Indonesia. The data are analyzed using content analysis with a descriptive-comparative approach based on several dimensions, including paradigm and epistemology, analytical methodology, economic goal orientation, and policy implications. The findings indicate that the Iqtishaduna School emphasizes Islamic economics as an independent normative system oriented toward distributive justice. The Mainstream School adopts modern economic analytical tools while incorporating adjustments based on Sharia values, making it dominant in the practices and institutions of Islamic economics. Meanwhile, the Critical Alternative School highlights the importance of ethical dimensions, social context, and structural transformation within Islamic economics. This study concludes that the three schools of thought are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary. Therefore, a critical synthesis among these schools is essential for the development of a just and sustainable Islamic economic system, particularly within the Indonesian context.