Analisis Penekanan Susut Non Teknis Berdasarkan Jam Nyala dan Load Profile Menggunakan Sistem Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) pada Pelanggan Potensial PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Kupang

Abstract

Non-technical losses refer to electrical energy delivered to customers but not recorded as sales, causing financial losses for the utility. At PT PLN (Persero) ULP Kupang, non-technical losses during October 2025–March 2026 averaged 226,728.67 kWh per month. This study analyzes measurement anomalies based on operating hours and load profiles, identifies their causes, and evaluates their impact on reducing non-technical losses. A quantitative descriptive method with a case-study design and purposive sampling was applied to 415–420 potential customers with capacities of 53 kVA–20 MVA using  Automatic Meter Reading (AMR). Screening was based on a decrease in operating hours of ≥80 hours and failure to retrieve AMR load-profile data. Verification used voltage, current, energy, and phasor analysis through AMICON, followed by field inspections. Results identified 25 customers with decreased operating hours, with two experiencing measurement anomalies. Siloam Hospital had current transformer ratio deviations of -32.144% in phase R and -64.703% in phase S, resulting in 289,585.80 kWh of unbilled energy. Bank NTT experienced voltage transformer failure, causing 20,634 kWh of unbilled energy. Total recovered energy reached 310,219.80 kWh, equivalent to 22.80% of non-technical losses and a 0.77% reduction in network losses. The findings demonstrate that AMR-based operating-hour and load-profile analysis effectively reduces non-technical losses.